What are the diseases of autoimmune ?

[Maria Javed]

Autoimmune disease is defined as a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks body,s own cells and tissues and destroy them. Normally, an antigen induces the immune responses in the body. The condition in which the immune system fails to give response to an antigen is called tolerance. This is true with respect to body own antigens that are called self self antigens or autoantigens.
Normally body has the tolerance against self antigen . However in some occasions the tolerance fails or becomes in complete against self antigens this state is called outer immunity and it leads to the activation of T lymocytes or production of antibodies from B lymocytes.
Autoimmune diseases are of two. Types
1 . Organ specific diseases which affect only one gram .
2. Organ nonspecific or multisystemic diseases, which affect many organs or system.
Common auto diseases.
1. Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus.
Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) is very common in childhood and it is due to HLA linked autoimmunity.

2. Myasthenia gravis
This neuromuscular disease occur due to the development of autoantibodies against the receptor for acetylcholine in neuromuscular junction.

3. Graves diseases
in some cases autoantibodies activate stimulating hormones TSH receptors leading to hyperthyroidism.
.4. Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Hashimoto thyroiditis is common in the late middle aged women. The autoantibodies impair the activity of thyroid follicles leading to hypothyroidism.

5. Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is the diseases due to chronic inflammation of synovial lining of joints . The synovium becomes thick leading to the development of swelling around joints and tendons . The characteristics symptoms are pain of stiffness of joints

 

[Yusra3]

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. The immune system normally fights off foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses, but in autoimmune diseases, it mistakenly attacks healthy cells.

There are many different types of autoimmune diseases, including:

1. Rheumatoid arthritis (an autoimmune disease that affects joints).

2. lupus (an autoimmune disease that affects the skin, kidneys and heart).

3. Crohn's disease (an autoimmune disease that affects the digestive tract).

4. Multiple sclerosis (an autoimmune disease that affects nerves in the brain and spinal cord)

 

[MayaBright]

Autoimmune diseases are conditions in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues. Examples of autoimmune diseases include type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and celiac disease.