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As the number of COVID-19 cases worldwide approaches 100 million, health professionals stress the importance of vaccinating as many people as possible to prevent the disease from spreading. More circulating virus means more changes, and some new types look to be more contagious already, making vaccination an even more difficult fight against time.
Are mRNA vaccinations capable of altering your DNA?
The vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna are both mRNA vaccines, meaning they contain messenger ribonucleic acid. "It's just a piece of material with instructions. It's taken up by your cells after it's injected, but it never reaches the cell nucleus, where all of your DNA is stored. The mRNA tells your cells to manufacture spike proteins that are identical to those present on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. When these spike proteins are present on the surface of your cells, your body perceives them as foreign and mounts an immune response, which includes antibodies specific to the spike protein.
VERDICT: NO
Is vaccination immunity stronger than natural immunity to infection?
When your body sees the spike protein for the first time, it causes some immune system cells to detect it and generate antibodies against it.
Whether the first interaction is due to a virus infection or the first dosage of the vaccine, the response may be identical.
One dosage of the mRNA vaccine may provide 50 to 80 percent protection against symptomatic COVID-19, according to studies.
We know you get some protection after one dose of the vaccine or after being infected with the virus, but we don't know how long that protection lasts in either instance.
After three to six months, some cases of reinfection have been observed, indicating that the protection provided by a single dose of the vaccine may begin to wear off. The second dose of the vaccine, on the other hand, further trains your immune system. You're boosting the antibody-producing B cells' response, and you're also activating T memory cells, which last much longer. If you have both vaccine doses, your body will be exposed to this surge protein several times in a short period of time. As a result, that immune response may be larger, better, and longer lasting than simply catching the virus once.
VERDICT: Probably
Are there any steps in the vaccination clinical trials that were skipped in order for them to be completed faster?
Vaccine studies can take years since they must not only enroll a large number of participants in order to assess safety and efficacy, but they must also wait for natural infections to occur. The COVID-19 vaccination trials have progressed more quickly as a result of additional funding from the government and other sources, as well as the high incidence of the virus in the community.
The Pfizer vaccine trials enrolled over 40,000 people, while the Moderna vaccine trials enrolled over 30,000. That's a lot of people, but if the virus was rare, that wouldn't be enough to show a difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. However, because the virus is so widespread in the United States and other parts of the world, this was actually a good number of people to show a difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups.
VERDICT: No.
Was just symptomatic COVID-19 used to assess vaccination efficacy?
Efficacy rates of 94 or 95 percent have only been documented for symptomatic illness. Because the Pfizer and Moderna clinical trials did not require regular COVID-19 testing, they did not provide a good indication of how well the vaccination protects against asymptomatic disease (which account for some 40 percent of cases).Limited data suggest the vaccines can prevent some asymptomatic infections. Most other vaccines do prevent both symptomatic and asymptomatic carriage and transmission, but until we prove it, we don’t want to assume anything.”
VERDICT: Yes.
Is it possible to get COVID-19 from the vaccine?
Some vaccines, such as the measles or oral polio vaccines, contain a weakened version of the live virus, which might cause disease in very rare situations, but this is not one of them. The spike protein is encoded by a message in the mRNA vaccines. Because it is not a live virus, the vaccine has no chance of giving you COVID. After the immunizations, some people may experience symptoms such as fever or muscle aches, but these are caused by your body's immune reaction, not an infection. That's actually a good thing because it signals your body is responding to the vaccine with inflammation, which is exactly what we want.
VERDICT: No.
Can I still get the vaccine if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
I believe it is a deeply personal decision that every woman should discuss with her medical team. Pregnant and lactating women should be administered the vaccine if they are eligible, according to the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine. There is no reason to believe that the vaccine will affect a pregnancy or a breastfeeding newborn in any way. Because this isn't a live viral vaccination, the mRNA will most likely stay in the arm where it's injected and be taken up by the cells. After performing its function, mRNA is quickly destroyed by the body. We have no reason to suppose that the mRNA or spike protein will harm a developing embryo. Fever and other immune system reactions to the immunization could be a legitimate worry. We know that in some circumstances, if a woman experiences a high fever early in pregnancy, there have been some worries about the role of fever in neural tube anomalies in the past, but the evidence isn't conclusive. If a woman gets a fever after receiving the vaccine, she should take Tylenol. It's not a reason not to get the vaccine because, if you think about it, getting COVID can induce a fever and a variety of other immunological reactions. It’s possible that mothers who have recently been vaccinated can convey some protective antibodies to their fetus through the placenta or to their newborn through breastmilk. Even now, studies are being conducted to harvest IgA antibodies from breastmilk for use in COVID-19 prophylaxis in adults.
VERDICT: Yes.
Are mRNA vaccinations capable of altering your DNA?
The vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna are both mRNA vaccines, meaning they contain messenger ribonucleic acid. "It's just a piece of material with instructions. It's taken up by your cells after it's injected, but it never reaches the cell nucleus, where all of your DNA is stored. The mRNA tells your cells to manufacture spike proteins that are identical to those present on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. When these spike proteins are present on the surface of your cells, your body perceives them as foreign and mounts an immune response, which includes antibodies specific to the spike protein.
VERDICT: NO
Is vaccination immunity stronger than natural immunity to infection?
When your body sees the spike protein for the first time, it causes some immune system cells to detect it and generate antibodies against it.
Whether the first interaction is due to a virus infection or the first dosage of the vaccine, the response may be identical.
One dosage of the mRNA vaccine may provide 50 to 80 percent protection against symptomatic COVID-19, according to studies.
We know you get some protection after one dose of the vaccine or after being infected with the virus, but we don't know how long that protection lasts in either instance.
After three to six months, some cases of reinfection have been observed, indicating that the protection provided by a single dose of the vaccine may begin to wear off. The second dose of the vaccine, on the other hand, further trains your immune system. You're boosting the antibody-producing B cells' response, and you're also activating T memory cells, which last much longer. If you have both vaccine doses, your body will be exposed to this surge protein several times in a short period of time. As a result, that immune response may be larger, better, and longer lasting than simply catching the virus once.
VERDICT: Probably
Are there any steps in the vaccination clinical trials that were skipped in order for them to be completed faster?
Vaccine studies can take years since they must not only enroll a large number of participants in order to assess safety and efficacy, but they must also wait for natural infections to occur. The COVID-19 vaccination trials have progressed more quickly as a result of additional funding from the government and other sources, as well as the high incidence of the virus in the community.
The Pfizer vaccine trials enrolled over 40,000 people, while the Moderna vaccine trials enrolled over 30,000. That's a lot of people, but if the virus was rare, that wouldn't be enough to show a difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. However, because the virus is so widespread in the United States and other parts of the world, this was actually a good number of people to show a difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups.
VERDICT: No.
Was just symptomatic COVID-19 used to assess vaccination efficacy?
Efficacy rates of 94 or 95 percent have only been documented for symptomatic illness. Because the Pfizer and Moderna clinical trials did not require regular COVID-19 testing, they did not provide a good indication of how well the vaccination protects against asymptomatic disease (which account for some 40 percent of cases).Limited data suggest the vaccines can prevent some asymptomatic infections. Most other vaccines do prevent both symptomatic and asymptomatic carriage and transmission, but until we prove it, we don’t want to assume anything.”
VERDICT: Yes.
Is it possible to get COVID-19 from the vaccine?
Some vaccines, such as the measles or oral polio vaccines, contain a weakened version of the live virus, which might cause disease in very rare situations, but this is not one of them. The spike protein is encoded by a message in the mRNA vaccines. Because it is not a live virus, the vaccine has no chance of giving you COVID. After the immunizations, some people may experience symptoms such as fever or muscle aches, but these are caused by your body's immune reaction, not an infection. That's actually a good thing because it signals your body is responding to the vaccine with inflammation, which is exactly what we want.
VERDICT: No.
Can I still get the vaccine if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
I believe it is a deeply personal decision that every woman should discuss with her medical team. Pregnant and lactating women should be administered the vaccine if they are eligible, according to the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine. There is no reason to believe that the vaccine will affect a pregnancy or a breastfeeding newborn in any way. Because this isn't a live viral vaccination, the mRNA will most likely stay in the arm where it's injected and be taken up by the cells. After performing its function, mRNA is quickly destroyed by the body. We have no reason to suppose that the mRNA or spike protein will harm a developing embryo. Fever and other immune system reactions to the immunization could be a legitimate worry. We know that in some circumstances, if a woman experiences a high fever early in pregnancy, there have been some worries about the role of fever in neural tube anomalies in the past, but the evidence isn't conclusive. If a woman gets a fever after receiving the vaccine, she should take Tylenol. It's not a reason not to get the vaccine because, if you think about it, getting COVID can induce a fever and a variety of other immunological reactions. It’s possible that mothers who have recently been vaccinated can convey some protective antibodies to their fetus through the placenta or to their newborn through breastmilk. Even now, studies are being conducted to harvest IgA antibodies from breastmilk for use in COVID-19 prophylaxis in adults.
VERDICT: Yes.
